Lecture 02 Bits, Bytes and Integers¶

Everything is bits.

Boolean Algebra¶

• And & Intersection
• Or | Union
• Not ~ Complement
• Exclusive-Or(XOR) ^ Symmetic difference

Shift Operations¶

• Left Shift: x << y
• Right Shift: x >> y
• Logical
• Arithmetic

char x = 56;
x = x << 8;
printf("%d\n", x);  // get 0

Encoding Integers¶

Two's Complement

1011 = -8 + 2 = -6
1111 = -8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = -1